Disaster Management Of Risky Locations - 2404 Words

Disaster Management in Risky Locations Introduction Disasters such as tsunamis, floods, earthquakes, landslides, and terrorism pose major economic, social, and political concerns to people. However, it is astonishing that the areas disposed to such unexpected occurrences are liked and preferred by human beings for habitation purposes. These include coastal areas which floods when the amount of rainfall increase or are affected by tornadoes and tsunamis due to their proximity to the coast; mountainous areas which have the possibility of experiencing landslides; and overpopulated cities which are either poorly serviced with social amenities such garbage collection, or are targeted by terrorists for attacks. Other people stay in such places in order to be close to their families or because the lands on which they dwell is their ancestral land, which they would not wish to lose. Thus, the risks involved in such places are many and needs to be addressed before the tragedies strike (Haddow, Bullock Coppola, 2013). This paper seeks to crit ically discuss and analyze these trends of living in disaster prone areas, whether or not there are other ways of making the society safer and the possibility of people continuing to live and or work in these environments. Trends of Living in Disaster Prone Areas: The Difficulties in Breaking the Tendencies to Stay The connection which individuals have with the places they are accustomed to living or working, is strong and it becomesShow MoreRelatedA Second Stream Of Management Research On Terrorism1460 Words   |  6 PagesA second stream of management research on terrorism has explored firm readiness and the performance impact of such preparation. In particular, several authors have examined the relationship between business continuity planning and the mitigation of the impact from unanticipated disasters such as terrorism (Cerullo Cerullo, 2004; Zsidisin, Melnyk, Ragatz, 2005). According to Cerullo and Cerrullo (2004), there is clear evidence from past catastrophes that international businesses without businessRead MoreBp Ethical Issues1630 Words   |  7 PagesOriginally, an Ethics and Compliance team was formed to monitor the formation and operation of the company guidance towards ethical issues in BP’s company.  Just like to set up a communication consistent standard for all the employees of BP for different location, culture and language.  Originally, this is a good way to guide the company staff to maintain company standard and reputation. But the code did not effectively address specific high-risk activities for the scope of daily operations.  It was quite reasonableRead MoreHow Are Natural Disasters Socially Constructed? Essay1333 Words   |  6 PagesWith reference to various examples, discuss how ‘natural’ disasters are socially constructed. While natural disasters such as floods, drought and hurricanes are commonly thought to occur due to environmental forces such as weather, climate and tectonic movements; a deeper investigation into the ‘disaster’ displays other contributing forces. Human factors have a large, if not equal, contribution to the occurrance and outcome of such disasters (Pelling, 2001). As Pelling (2001) argues, there is bothRead MoreInformation Technology And Security Gaps Of The Bank Solutions Inc.1457 Words   |  6 Pagesto protect the confidentiality, integrity and availability of assets, individuals, information and information systems. Purpose The main purpose of this paper is to elaborate on the information technology/security gaps of the Bank solutions Inc. Disaster Recovery/Business continuity plan (DR/BCP) and to develop a security strategy to protect the confidentiality, integrity, and availability (CIA Triad) of assets, individuals, information and information systems of this organization. Definition Confidentiality:Read MoreResearch Of Terrorism Spiked Following The Events Of September 112208 Words   |  9 Pagesbusiness (Cerullo Cerullo, 2004). The development of a business continuity plan has proven to mitigate the impact of a disaster such as a terrorist attack (Cerullo Cerullo, 2004). However, a post 9/11 survey designed by Ernst and Young revealed that only 53% of the firms surveyed had a business continuity plan (Cerullo Cerullo, 2004) to deal with terrorism type disasters. 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The Department of Interior’s Mineral Management Service as well as the Bureau of Ocean Energy Management, Regulation and Enforcement (BOEMRE) along with other agencies such as the Coast Guard, all have regulatory systems for drilling. However, according to the National Commissions report, the implementation of the regulationsRead MoreExtended Supply Chain1474 Words   |  6 Pagesshould ask another vender to provide tires because the original supplier may short for the raw material and can’t provide enough tires Ford needs. What kind of risks involved in extended supply chains? Actually it is a long list including natural disasters like Japanese earthquake and tsunami, economic crises like financial crisis in 2008, and global supply disruptions like the West Coast port workers strike. For example, in 2008 when the financial crisis took place, many Chinese printed circuit boardRead MoreApplication Essay to The Financial Risk Management Program977 Words   |  4 Pagesto help a firm manage its financial risk by developing and applying effective risk management strategies. My long term goal is to lead an enterprise wide risk management program for a multi-national company. My experiences in IT Risk Services, Accounting Audit and Structured Finance Advisory Services at the Big Four firms helped shape my career goal and created a strong fascination for Financial Risk Management. These experiences taught me how risks affect organizations. I learnt how externalRead MoreChesapeake Energy Operates Under The Natural Oil And Gas Industry878 Words   |  4 Pagesmust be certain to a degree or they will continuously face unprofitable reserves. One factor that can influence costs that can be unpredictable and unfavorable is adverse weather conditions. Storms and natural disasters have the ability to halt operations in a specific geological location, resulting in increase in overall cost over the term of the project. Auditors during the audit process should first analyze the reliability to internal control relating to expenses and costs for exploration. Various

Persuasive Speech On Breakfast - 1105 Words

Breakfast: Most Important Meal of the Day THESIS STATEMENT: Breakfast is an essential part of your morning routine because it kickstarts your metabolism, helps you concentrate and perform better in class, and aids in maintaining a healthy lifestyle. OVERALL PURPOSE: To persuade the audience that breakfast is part of a healthy lifestyle. INTRODUCTION ATTENTION GETTER: Imagine your alarm going off in the morning, and you hit the snooze button, you usually just lay there thinking about what you can get rid of from your morning routine just for those few extra minutes of sleep. Students our age and even most adults tend to eliminate the most important meal of the day...breakfast. However, skipping it may have a harsher impact on your†¦show more content†¦But besides just weight control, eating a healthy breakfast has many more benefits that I will now give you more details about. PREVIEW SENTENCE: I’m going to focus on: How breakfast can help improve the body’s metabolism How it can help you concentrate and perform well in class How breakfast can help you maintain a healthy lifestyle (TRANSITION: In the first portion of my speech, let’s take a look at how breakfast can help improve the body’s metabolism.) MAIN BODY Breakfast can improve the body’s metabolism. Just imagine this common scenario we’ve all probably been through. You’ve been trying to lose some weight for months, cutting out meals everyday including skipping breakfast, but the weighing scale just hasn’t budged one bit. Why? It’s because your body metabolism is going down instead of increasing. Staying hungry doesn’t make you lose weight, instead eating healthy makes that possible. Your body needs food at some point in the day as a source of energy, skipping breakfast only prolongs that need to unhealthy standards. Using junk food as a substitute for breakfast is what slows down your metabolism while adding those extra calories. It’s better to avoid eating late at night because your metabolism naturally slows down in the evening, so make sure to eat a hearty breakfast to keep it high throughout the day. ï » ¿ (TRANSITION: Now that we have seen how breakfast can help improve theShow MoreRelatedeating breakfast persuasive speech Essay898 Words   |  4 PagesEating a Good Breakfast Audience Analysis: At least half of the class skips breakfast 1-2 days a week. Therefore, I will not only focus on why breakfast is so important, and the positive results from eating breakfast, but also the negative effects from not eating breakfast in the morning. General Purpose: To persuade the audience. Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience that eating breakfast is important to good health. Thesis: Starting off your day with a good healthy breakfast helps youRead MorePersuasive Speech : Ophelia, By Bob And Jay s Bed And Breakfast, Waiting For Ophelia Essay992 Words   |  4 PagesWe all sat around the dining table in Bob and Jay’s bed and breakfast, waiting for Ophelia to show up so we could get our meeting started. These weekly meetings had switched to twice per month now that we’re in the summer season and everybody has more guests to deal with. I was in a great mood and wanted to share some happy news with the group. Ophelia showed up five minutes late, not bothering to apologize for her tardiness, and asked Bob to get her a glass of water. She then sat at the headRead MoreBreakfast The Most Important Meal You Can Have During The Day1363 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Breakfast the most important meal you can have during the day† By Gretel Herrera Persuasive Speech Outline General Purpose: To persuade Specific Purpose: To persuade the audience that eating breakfast is really important to have good health and a healthy body and mind. Thesis: If we start our day with a good meal called: â€Å"breakfast†, this is going to help you to maintain a healthy body and a productive mind throughout the rest of your day. I. The Attention Step A. Attention: A. I want toRead MoreReflection On My Persuasive Speech Essay1595 Words   |  7 PagesReflection on my Persuasive Speech All communication is an attempt to influence, highlights Back (1951) and, by extension, hinders the audience s preconceptions on a topic. Thinking about communication and particular verbal strategies and theory both brought forth excellent criticisms and compliments ofor my persuasive speech. It s purpose being to persuade the audience in favour of Britian s exit from the European Union. My persausive speech aimed to educate the audience further on a topic andRead MorePersuasive Speech Draft (Minimum Wage) Essay745 Words   |  3 Pagesï » ¿Kirsten Burroughs Professor Hart Persuasive Speech 04 December 2013 Intro: People of the middle class all know that the minimum wage of $7.25 is not sufficient to maintain a comfortable lifestyle. There is considerable evidence to show that the current generations comfortable lifestyles require a more luxurious price for standard living. The cost of living over the years has dramatically increased due to high consumer demands of products. As that being said, $7.25 is just not enough forRead MoreHomeschooling Persuasive Speech1000 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Homeschooling Persuasive Speech NAME: David Breaker SPEECH #: 4 SPEECH TITLE: Homeschooling SUPPORTING MATERIALS SOURCE(S): â€Å"Disadvantages of Homeschooling†. Homeschool Companion. July 20 2014. Merry, Micheal S., and Sjored Karsten. Restricted Liberty, Parental Choice And Homeschooling. Journal Of Philosophy Of Education 44.4 (2010): 497-514. Sorey, Kellie, and Molly H. Duggan. Homeschoolers Entering Community Colleges: Perceptions Of Admission Officers. Journal Of College Admission 200Read MorePersuasive Speech Essays1752 Words   |  8 PagesPersuasive Speech Assignment (Total 100 points) I. Speech Performance (80 points) 1. 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To put it simply the Frankensteins are for a large section of the book, what a 50% off, piece of stale white bread, with a glass of room temperature water is to breakfast. Bland, uninteresting, and a waste of my time. This is, of course, all objective, but I found that the idyllic life lived by the Frankensteins which goes without a fleshed out, solid conflict, and/or flaws to attribute to the members of the family

Ideology and Rhetoric of Positive Accounting Theory

Question: Discuss about the Ideology and Rhetoric of Positive Accounting Theory. Answer: Introduction: The present report is focused on the critical evaluation of research study conducted by Paul V Dunmore. The topic of the study is Half a Defence of Positive Accounting Research, and it is prepared for Massey University, Wellington, New Zealand. Considered study is based on detail description of human behaviour in accounting settings. Provided study will focus on main argument and its contribution to the subject matter. On the basis of evolution, Significance and Limitations of the Article will be explained. In the last part of the study, main points of critical evaluation will be summarised in order to conclude the critique. A research study conducted by Paul V Dunmore is focused on positive approach regarding accounting research. Positive accounting research is considered to be a significant part of intellectual projects which assists in understanding cause and effect relationships in the accounting world. This accounting approach is divergent with the aspects of normative accounting. For a better understanding of the subject, matter study includes a review of intellectual projects along with its epistemological and ontological assumptions. The study also includes ways of improvement in accounting practices for the promotion of better practices that can be followed by individuals. The primary argument in this research study regards need of better theoretical models in positive accounting. These models are required to be specific and viable to use. Further, this article highlights ad hoc quantitative models are the major reason for the inappropriate progress of positive accounting. It is because these me thods are restricted to a quantitative relationship between two variables. Considered study specifies significance of effective measures in present era through which testing of theoretical models can be done in a rigorous manner. In addition to this, policy makers are required to consider these aspects in order to develop a better relationship with existing accounting concepts. Another argument in this research study is regarding devolution in consideration away from the hypotheses testing to guesstimate of parameters. For this purpose, confidence intervals are required to be considered for making a comparison with theoretical forecasts or with other equivalent measurements of those parameters from other pertinent research studies. A study conducted by Paul V Dunmore shows that there is a requirement of data archives for a significant conceptual framework for the purpose of testing. It is essential because these aspects will assist in future theoretical advances. Furthermore, critical qualitative research is a crucial aspect as considering a single theory as unproblematic. Research questions The present study is based on an evaluation of positive accounting research, and associated research questions with this assignment are enumerated as below: S. no. Research questions 1 Factors required to be considered for development of successful positive research program? 1 What are the ways of analytical modelling? 2 Is it viable to focus on measurement instead of testing? 3 Determination of viability of replication in a research study? 4 Determination of gap between actual and desired positive accounting? Theoretical framework The article specifies that many scientists do not recognise the description of their actions or behaviour. According to Kuhn, the same is eliminated as limitations are provided by the objective world for the same. The main emphasis has been provided on the limitations relating to positive accounting research by providing details relating to the drawbacks of application of positive accounting due to which the same is not being applied in the case of specific and vulnerable theories. The main problem which has been emphasised is agency; i.e. if humans have free will that their actions would not have acquiescent for the purpose of scientific study. The concept of free will cannot be compared and equalised as the concept of the Cartesian dualism of mind and body, as it is not specified that free will can be applied except in dualistic framework (Watts and Zimmerman, 1986). The decision taken by the mind are not in correspondence with other theories or model available in the world. The ma in requirement for applying the framework is analysing the constraints of the research as the same has not been supported by the other areas of accounting research. The report evolves discussion relating to the significance of quantitative and qualitative data in accounting research. The manner in which both kinds of data have been applied by the scientist in the formation of preliminary data has been specified in the article. In case falsified result have been concluded after application of old models in assessing new theories than in that case new theories are applied for getting valid results. Careful observation is specified in case of the creative idea in comparison to other ideas (Fogarty and Markarian, 2007). It is because; it has been observed many times that falsifications are inoperable in many of assumptions. Appropriate tools have been regarded as the basic necessity for concluding a successful research. It is also necessary that model must not be affected by the different environment factors relating to vulnerability. A few appropriate illustrations which have been presented in the article are: For assessing the significance and constraints of positive accounting research, it has to be reviewed with broadening intellectual project comprising ontological and epistemological assumptions. The value of relating literature makes efforts to infer from observed prices in comparison to the figures which have been applied by theorist in the decision for the development of the controlling system (Choi, Liu and Simunic, 2009). The fundamental theory of rational self-interested human behaviour is approximately eighty percent appropriate which concludes that it is not defensible in quantitative terms; however, it carries the rational human behaviour but considers exceptions as important. Positive science in terms of social science is only a century old and if the same is assessed in accounting matters than it is few decades. It has been observed that major obstacles have been faced in social science in comparison to physical sciences so one should not get impatient for the results (Wolk, Dodd and Rozycki, 2012). A variety of quantitative theories become more quantitative as they become mature such as Darwin's theory of evolution which has proven purely quantitative. However, a general mistake assumed by social science researchers that positive and quantitative researchers are same and continuing of the same assumption leads to issue such as understanding research as positive but qualitative (Chatfield and Vangermeersch, 2014). The study of Kuhn specifies that one cannot be part of the scientific community if he has not subscribed for the paradigm. The same can be understood with an example of a chess player, who is having his own rules cannot find another player who is ready to play by his rules. Normal sciences have been specified as a disciplinary area which is a combination of beliefs, attitude and policies so that the theorist applies the same in their researches for resolving a variety of problems. Kuhn argues that in case the old model could not support the theory of normal science and develops in the form of revolutionary cases than the same is replaced. The main variants which have been applied in normative science can be analysed with the assistance of normal science (Ardill, 2015). The social system makes efforts for assessing questions relating to human behaviour and assist in resolving the same through fewer efforts. It has been analysed that stability does not exist in doubt, but the same does not resemble the new system. Thus it is not necessary for the same to remain in correspondence with new system address for including longer period stem in existing formulated human behaviour context of accounting. The theory of positive accounting remains concerned with testing and developing theories. The significance of literature theory is important for evaluating figures which have been used for taking appropriate decisions. The primary model of balanced self-focus human behaviour is also emphasised on assessing the same (Whitley, 1988). The performance of theory is also evaluated on the basis of the pre-assumed human act in some of the models. Research which is aimed at analysing the reasoning of specific accounting phenomenon, in the case of non-rational aspects of human psychology, can be specified as positive accounting research. Several examples are not detailed when analysed as a whole, but an attempt has been made to explain entire research program on a broader scale in comparison to accounting model. Positive accounting is majorly emphasised on developing and analysing theories (Watts and Zimmerman, 2003). Therefore, those models which are related to researches of testing models have also been specified in the article. Normal science has been specified as a disciplinary area which is adopted by the members of a group for assessing solution of various results. The discussion of qualitative and quantitative data have been explained in detail so that appropriate application of same can be made by researcher and developers of the model. Significance and Constraint As Paul V Dunmore through its research article has served a valuable contribution to a deeper understanding of the human behaviour for further studies. The current research paper shall help in conducting future research by the policy makers to better enhance their theories by working onto the weaknesses involved in the model of positive accounting. Moreover, there is a substantial aspect of limitation in the analysis part also. The current practices work on the key outputs that comprise of the statistically meaningful coefficients though the interpretation could not be drawn in full to connect the suspected measures which are not in consistency with the stated theories and sample and which arent tested and whose application is assumed rather than validating it. The accounting research is able to extend a better understanding of its environment and causes that are related to studying of human behaviour. The analysis of Whitley, 1988 reports that the models and tools being used in conducting the analysis must be in tune with the objective of study which otherwise would have adversely drawn an impact on the consistency of study as a matter of shortcomings within the qualitative researches and hypothesis tests. Further, it can be seen that the system may not add to the current knowledge if accounting researchers do not refer the sa me. Since the concept of positive research theory has been very narrow, the study by Paul V Dunmore help in drawing a well-established base of learning for the readers. Though the benefits and constraints are briefed out in the article but the same is not clear from the perspective of the readers. The issues recognised in study affect the validness of research because this can hinder in considering the article for future research. The theoretical conclusion stated by Paul V Dunmore in the research analysis is feasible as it is held proper through evidence, justification and past studies. Thus, it can be seen that the report demonstrates a broader concept of a positive accounting research. Conclusion The current literature assessment showcase that in this article there is a wide difference between how the current positive research accounting is practised and what shall be needed for conducting the research. The study shows in clear terms that development of stringent theories is not an easy job. Most of the already existing theories are likely to fail when tested its authenticity. The current article is presumed to serve the policy makers with the base to enhance its theories by using data and working on developing the cons currently subsisting in positive accounting. The article presented is free from any encumbrances and stated in clear as well as concise manner. The research questions are answered in detail covering all the major valid points and also supported by authentic findings. Moreover the current article a key requisite is made for an extensive repetition to deliver an acceptable conclusion from the provided hypothesis testing. With this aspect there is a valid confirmation of the accuracy of measurement that is done in the article and the researcher can explore limitation of the research finding in the study. References Ardill, A.W., 2015. The Ideology and rhetoric of positive accounting theory. Chatfield, M. and Vangermeersch, R., 2014. The history of accounting (RLE accounting): an international encylopedia. Routledge. Choi, J.-H., Kim, J.-B., Liu, X., Simunic, D. A., 2009. Cross-listing audit fee premiums: Theory and evidence. The Accounting Review 84 (5), 14291463. Dunmore, V. P., 2009. Half a Defense of Positive Accounting Research. Massey University. Fogarty, T. J., Markarian, G., 2007. An empirical assessment of the rise and fall of accounting as an academic discipline.Issues in Accounting Education, 22 (2), 137161. Watts, R. and Zimmerman, J., 1986. Positive accounting theory. Prentice Hall. Watts, R.L. and Zimmerman, J.L., 2003. Positive accounting theory: A ten year perspective. Whitley, R.D., 1988. The possibility and utility of positive accounting theory. Accounting, organizations and Society, 13(6), pp.631-645. Wolk, I. H., Dodd, L. J. and Rozycki, J. J., 2012. Accounting Theory: Conceptual Issues in a Political and Economic Environment. SAGE.

Abortion Case of Deb-Free-Samples for Students -Myassignmenthelp

Question: Do you Think It Was Morally Permissible For Deb to Obtain an Abortion? Answer: An overview of the Abortion case of Deb, I will argue that the choice of abortion opted by Deb was neither wrong (not unethical) nor immoral. I agree with Patricks assessment, that the abortion was permissible morally, even considering that Debs fetus had a right to live. Some consider abortion to be always wrong, taking into account the sentience of the fetus. Some consider abortion to be right only when the pregnancy is a life risk for the mother. Others consider that abortion can be the right thing to do, under a wide set of circumstances. Based on such differences in philosophy, two distinct movements have come into being, namely Pro-Life that supports the right to life for the fetus (based on the catholic opposition to abortion or contraception), and suggests that pregnancies by completed to the term (Williams, 2016). The pro-right movement, on the other hand supports the right to choice of the mothers to terminate pregnancy owing to circumstances that supports abortion. Each of these movements has a significant influence of the public opinion with certain acts of violence also shown by anti-abortion activists (Winter, 2014). The most common arguments against abortion includes: Discrimination against the fetus, deprivation of rights to the fetus, uncertainty to the reasons of abortion, religious ideologies, public option, and the breast cancer hypothesis. Most of the opposition towards abortion is based on certain premises, such as, it is wrong to kill an innocent human, fetus is an innocent human, and therefore it is wrong to kill a fetus. However, such premise raises questions like, if it is always right or always wrong to kill an innocent human life; if the fetus can really be considered innocent, in circumstances where it can adversely affect the mothers life, health or the social well being; and if there is any clear distinction between the acts of killing (the fetus) or letting die (the mother) in situations when the pregnancy can be fatal to the mother (Vaughn, 2015). The argument of discrimination of fetus are based on the premises that fetuses have a right to live, and abortion violates that right, and hence does not value human right, as it assigns differential values to the fetus based on characteristics like the levels of psychological or physical development (Bharadwaj Lakdawala, 2013). The argument thus concludes that abortion as an act of unjust discrimination against the fetus. The Argument of Deprivation is based on the premise that abortion deprives the fetus of its future, and hence on the same moral landscape as killing an adult human being (thus depriving that person of his/her future). Both of these arguments revolve around the idea of personhood of the fetus, considering it, nothing less than a sentient human being (Agostinone-Wilson, 2014). The Uncertainty Argument proposes that if there exists any uncertainty regarding the right to life for the fetus, then having an abortion is the same as taking the risk of murdering someone, a nd hence immoral and reckless act, and can be put in the same moral standards as manslaughter or criminal negligence. Also, different religion has differential views about abortion, for example, the catholic church considers that human life starts at the conception, and therefore has a right to live, and abortion is immoral hence, except when the pregnancy can be fatal to the mother. Similarly, the Muslims consider Abortion as a forbidden act, and should not be undertaken, especially in fear of poverty (Maguire, 2016). In addition, certain proponents against abortion also claim that abortion can increase the chances of breast cancer, and hence should be avoided. In the following paragraphs, I shall try to elucidate my arguments against the propositions made against abortions. The first objection I would propose would be against the concept of assigning personhood to a fetus. Even though a fetus is biologically and genetically a human being, it still might not be considered as a sentient being due to the lack of its consciousness. Since consciousness is a function of the mental and cognitive architecture that depends upon the development of the nervous system, a fetus with an undeveloped nervous system cannot be considered a human, any more than an egg is called a chicken. Moreover, a lack of brain wave/ brain function suggests the lack of self awareness (a central human cognition), and hence not at the same platform as an adult human being (Lagercrantz, 2014). However, by the end of the 6th and 7th week, the fetus develops, at which state; the fetus is a little more than a vegetative state, showing the basic attributes of life. The ability to feel pain, however does not develop before the 24th week, and thus undermines the stance of inhumane treatment of fetuses during abortion. It can even be argued that since the concept of pain requires precognition, knowledge as well as conceptual organization that cannot be applicable to the fetus, we cannot consider them to feel pain (Derbyshire, 2015). Considerable argument also exists to demarcate the exact time when a fetus can be considered a person. Several proponents suggest that it happens from conception (soul entering the fetus), others considers the point when consciousness develop. On a biological scale, the idea that a single cellular zygote is a living entity is not doubted, but assigning that entity the values and importance of an adult human being can still be challenged, based on the knowledge, that the zygote lacks the biological and morphological structures and complexities of a human being. Hence it can be proposed that human rights should be assigned as per social recognition instead of the innate qualities possessed by humans (Hann, 2016). The second objection would be against abortion being discriminating against the fetus. Since the fetus lack the characteristics (or shows only some of them) that can qualify them as a person, having right to live, and hence detaching the personhood status of the fetus. Criticism has been made on this premise with the examples of human infants and patients in a comatose or a brain dead state, drawing similarities in the lack of person like characteristics in them. However, it must be noted that both comatose patients and infants shows the presence of brain waves, and can retain their mental state, and hence is different from a fetus. Also, it must be noted that a comatose or brain dead patient once had the required mental faculties of a person that was lost in due course, unlike that of a fetus (Michael, 2014). Also, assigning a fetus the right to live, based solely on genetic identity would also mean the consideration of brain-dead or comatose patients, or anencephalic infants having the same rights. The third argument against abortion is the argument of deprivation of future to the fetus, based on the assumption that all fetuses will become a human will normal sentience, and cognitive abilities, and abortion deprives the fetus of that right. This can also be debated on the ground whether a fetus can have the same identity as an adult human being, based on the arguments given before. Since a fetus have much less psychological connections (like memories, desires, beliefs, and likes) than an adult being, it is a differentiating character between the two, and hence the fetus does not have the same future as ours. Based on these premise it can be drawn that depriving a fetus of its future is not the same as depriving an adult of his/her future. The next argument I would like to propose would be against the uncertainty argument. Since the uncertainty argument provides a benefit of doubt (in assigning the right to live) to the fetus, the same can also be applied to non human animals, since their right to live cannot be disregarded with absolute certainty either (Sepielli, 2016). The last argument, I would propose is the one regarding the possibility of breast cancer due to abortion. This idea goes against the known medical understanding, and is based on the idea that abortion disrupts the development of the breast due to an abrupt lowering of prolactin hormone in blood. The hypothesis was made in the 1980s, based on studies on lad rats. However, so similar studies were conducted on humans, and hence the credibility of such hypothesis is yet to be ascertained (Ban Godellas, 2014). On a retrospective view, it must also be acknowledged that the propositions made above, can be predisposed towards biasness towards either the welfare of the mother or that of the fetus. This can be a slippery slope of ethical dilemmas, since the right to live for both the mother and the fetus should be considered, and still importance needs to be assigned to either one of it (Volokh, 2013). One of the objections I have found in my stance for abortion mainly revolves around the providence of the right to live for the fetus, and under what circumstances can that right be superseded by the mothers right to choose. As shown in the case of Deb, Patrick showed support for abortion, based on the clinical finding that Debs unborn child can have lifelong mental handicap, thereby greatly inhibiting a normal life for both the child and the parents. On such a scenario, abortion was not only ethical, but also can be considered merciful, to not allow the unborn child to live a life or misery. Sim ilarly, an ethical conundrum arises when we consider a case of pregnancy which is fatal for the mother and if abortion be shunned (thereby letting the mother die) or be done (thereby killing the fetus), or while considering pregnancy cases due to rape (thereby inciting the right of the mother to chose against the pregnancy). In such circumstances, I would propose considering the following considerations: A fetus is not the same (psychologically and cognitively) as an adult and so does not have the same rights to live, a fetus needs to develop within the body of the mother (which can be metabolically and physiologically burdensome, and makes them vulnerable) and hence a risk factor to health; the mother has a right to live (like the fetus), and also a right to chose what happens with her body (even if it means opting for abortion), a parent also have the right to chose (abortion) if the birth of the child poses significant economic and/or psychological burden for them (Gaillard et al., 2013). Another objection that I have identified in my stance is the risk of developing a moral certainty on either side of the debate (Carey, 2017). A moral certainty that abortion can be permissible, can lead to an unnecessary termination, and therefore violate the right of the unborn, whereas a moral certainty about the immorality of abortion can put the mothers life in peril. In such circumstances, action must be taken only when there is maximum confidence in the view. Also, if we consider a woman to have the right to choose consciously if she wants to be a mother, denying the right to abort the fetus violates that right to choose, and can be an instrument of female oppression and sexual inequality (Fletcher, 2014). It can hence be concluded that the ethics and morals of abortion is not a black and white scenario, involving a lot of gray areas like the rights of the mother and the fetus being juxtaposed, and the core attributes of a sentient being (and at what stage a fetus becomes a sentient being). Needless to say, that each scenario leading to abortion should hence be properly scrutinized, and I believe that the benefit of doubt should go to the mother because of the physiological burden/risk the pregnancy can put her in. References: Agostinone-Wilson, F. (2014). Fetal personhood: social meanings and functions.Critical Education,5(12). Ban, K. A., Godellas, C. V. (2014). Epidemiology of breast cancer.Surgical oncology clinics of North America,23(3), pp. 409-422. Bharadwaj, P., Lakdawala, L. K. (2013). Discrimination begins in the womb: evidence of sex-selective prenatal investments.Journal of Human Resources,48(1), pp. 71-113. Carey, T. V. (2017). Moral Certainty.Philosophy Now,118, pp. 25-27. Derbyshire, S. W. (2015). Fetal Pain. InPrenatal and Preimplantation Diagnosis. Springer International Publishing. pp. 119-130 Fletcher, R. (2014). Contesting the cruel treatment of abortion-seeking women.Reproductive health matters,22(44), pp. 10-21. Gaillard, R., Arends, L. R., Steegers, E. A., Hofman, A., Jaddoe, V. W. (2013). Second-and third-trimester placental hemodynamics and the risks of pregnancy complications: the Generation R Study.American journal of epidemiology,177(8), pp.743-754. Hann, M. (2016). Introduction. InEgalitarian Rights Recognition. Palgrave Macmillan UK. pp. 1-15 Lagercrantz, H. (2014). The emergence of consciousness: science and ethics. InSeminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine. WB Saunders. Vol. 19, No. 5, pp. 300-305 Maguire, D. C. (2016). Abortion and religion.The Wiley Blackwell Encyclopedia of Gender and Sexuality Studies. DOI 10.1002/9781118663219.wbegss267 Michael, A. (2014). History of brain death as death: 1968 to the present.Journal of critical care,29(4), pp. 673-678. Sepielli, A. (2016). Moral uncertainty and fetishistic motivation.Philosophical Studies,173(11), pp. 2951-2968. Vaughn, L. (2015).Doing ethics: Moral reasoning and contemporary issues. WW Norton Company. Pp 1-700. Volokh, E. (2013). Slippery Slope Arguments.The International Encyclopedia of Ethics. DOI: 10.1002/9781444367072.wbiee488 Williams, DK. (2016). Defenders of the Unborn: The Pro-Life Movement before Roe v. Wade. Oxford University Press. Pp 365 Winter, A. (2014). Anti-abortion extremism and violence in the United States.Extremism in America. Gainesville, FL: University Press Florida. Pp. 1-25

Impacts of Globalization

JAMES JOYCE Essays - Mythology, Prophecy, James Joyce, Free Essays

JAMES JOYCE Essays - Mythology, Prophecy, James Joyce, Free Essays JAMES JOYCE Now, as never before, his strange name seemed to him a prophecy. So timeless seemed the grey warm air, so fluid and impersonal his own mood, that all ages were as one to him. [...] Now, at the name of the fabulous artificer, he seemed to hear the noise of dim waves and to see a winged form flying above the waves and slowly climbing the air. What did it mean? Was it a quaint device opening a page of some medieval book of prophecies and symbols, a hawklike man flying sunward above the sea, a prophecy of the end he had been born to serve and had been following through the mists of childhood and boyhood, a symbol of the artist forging anew in his workshop out of the sluggish matter of the earth a new soaring impalpable imperishable being? (A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 192) His soul had arisen from the grave of boyhood, spurning her graveclothes. Yes! Yes! Yes! He would create proudly out of the freedom and power of his soul, as the great artificer whose name he bore, a living thing, new and soaring and beautiful, impalpable, imperishable. (A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man, 193) Some of its original readers, Virginia Woolf or T.S. Eliot, hailed Joyce's work as "the most important expression which the present age has found."[1] Others, like Bennett or Aldington, were repelled by it, seeing it as "a tremendous libel on humanity."[2] Yet, no matter if they praised it for being able "to come closer to life"[3] or loathed it for being "indecent, obscene, scatological and licentious"[4], all agreed that Joyce's work was remarkable, technically successful, an astonishing literary phenomenon. Of the English modernist novelists' works, Joyce's most strikingly asserts itself as art, the art of fiction - art as a form of knowledge, art as autonomous, art as a form of expression enjoying the advantage of a medium of its own. Of all the English modernists' works, Joyce's is the indubitable evidence that if there is any difference at all between realism and modernism in literary terms, it does not reside so much in the sense realism and modernism make of the real, but in the new status assigned to literature. Thus Joyce's work may be seen as an unparalleled artistic answer to the essential modernist questions relating to the essence of the literary act. What is the proper stuff of fiction? "The proper stuff of fiction" does not exist; everything is a proper stuff of fiction, every feeling, every thought; every quality of the brain and spirit is drawn upon; no perception comes amiss. And if we can imagine the art of fiction come alive and standing in our midst, she would undoubtedly bid us break her and bully her, as well as honour her, for so her youth is renewed and her sovereignty assured."[5] How is the material that life provides to be made into art? "Any method is right, every method is right, that expresses what we wish to express, if we are writers; that brings us closer to the novelist's intention, if we are readers."[6] What Joyce demonstrates through his work is that, if fiction is to be raised to the status of art, this can be done only through focus on the potentialities of what gives the art of fiction its specificity in relation to the other arts, that is language and technique. This does not mean that Joyce's narrative strategy necessarily, and exclusively, implies the adoption of completely new techniques, that is techniques that had not been also used by his predecessors. Joyce's originality, much of the difficulty presupposed by the reading of his texts being caused by it, resides in the variety and the combination of techniques. For Joyce, each method is seen as a pathway to knowledge. The more variations on a method he could imagine, the deeper the meaning that began to surface. The less expected the combination of methods, the richer the aspects of reality that were likely to be revealed. By this strategy, Joyce did in no way attempt to destroy the illusion of reality or to discard as useless the methods employed to create this illusion. He rather tried to "heighten our awareness of the techniques he so skilfully deploys by raising questions about our strategies of interpretation."[7] Understanding Joyce always means more than just reading his novels for the

PERSONAL NARRATIVE Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

PERSONAL NARRATIVE - Essay Example The grass embraces the feet with all its softness, and this unique sensation warms the whole body. On a thin and delicate cherry tree lurking in the garden corner, by a carved wooden fence, a bird is sitting. It is a song thrush, the best singer of all thrushes. He is sitting on the top of the cherry tree, as a king on a throne of beautiful neat leaves, bright red cherries, and wood glue. His song is marvelous: it is slow, sonorous, and long, with lots of low whistles and short trills. The sounds of the mavis’ singing remind me of one old song: â€Å"Sounds like flowers grow / Sad, funny – any / Sometimes hot to redness / until chilly blue.† Still, the most scenic view in the garden is that of an old lime tree, nowhere grafted. Perhaps it had grown up here before my grandfather planted the garden, and he simply did not chop it. And rightly so, because the lime tree is magnificent and even useful: just imagine drinking fragrant lime-blossom tea some day in winter. Yes, and the tree itself is impressive - high, powerful and not yielding to any storm. Under the linden tree, just as in a magazine picture, there is a rocking chair. The sight of it evokes an immediate desire to sit in peace and quiet, read a book, browse the Internet on your tablet, or listen to the music player, leaning back in the chair. What a dismay it is standing in an old abandoned garden. The sun scorching everything around,even the old ugly apple-tree, which is half dried, bearing the weight of rotting fruit. The thought of the taste of the fruit is nauseating. Several flowerbeds, which are irregularly shaped, are filled with some unknown wildflowers, along with a lot of weeds and thorns. They leave a depressing feeling. The dangerously attempt to interact with the garden by walking on the dry grass; the sensation of heat swells on my bare feet, a feeling I cannot bearably withstand. The dry grass scratches the feet, causing them to suffer deep sores. It seems there is only

International Economics Article Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

International Economics - Article Example This is already happening in many professions, for example in secretarial, and some customer services areas like call centers, and even in highly skilled professions like radiology and accountancy. The effect of this will be to relocate many millions of jobs away from richer countries and towards poorer countries like India which has an educated, English speaking workforce with lower wage costs. Binder recommends that America should resist the temptation to engage in protectionist activities, because these shifts are inevitable, but to promote instead workforce flexibility, aids to transition towards personal and local services, and better safety nets for displaced workers. The current transformational initiative of US economic reform is compatible with this next industrial revolution because it aims to maintain the principle of free trade, and this is a major requirement for success in this new world situation. There are dangers, however, that ever increasing health, pension and welfare costs, along with strong resistance from well- educated and vocal workers who see the rise of competition from workers in other countries as a threat will reduce America’s stability and competitiveness. There may even be a backlash calling for more trade barriers. There is a big agenda issue in terms of educational reform also, which America will need to address more urgently. Workers need to be trained for flexibility, and to take more responsibility for employment insurance and

Provide a critical review based on a Reading dealing with the Essay

Provide a critical review based on a Reading dealing with the agencystructure relationship by any one of these theorists Anthony Giddens, Bourdieu, P., or Habermas, J., - Essay Example According to Heiskala (1990), competing epistemological frameworks prevalent before Haberman, generally revolved around structural functionalism and action theory. [Through his work, Habermas] tried to fit together social structural functionalism (Parsons in particular) and action theory (Mead and phenomenology in particular) by creating the distinction between life system and the life world to correspond to them in social reality [and highlight] the distinction between the perspective of the external observer and the perspective of actor to correspond to their theoretical ways of study. 1 By integrating structure and action through communication and other factors in the public and private realm, the current paper will illustrate significant elements of Habermas's works in order to demonstrate its' profound impact on social theory that continues to this very day. We begin the critical review by summarizing elements found in the public sphere. Habermas makes the powerful linkage between action and structure explicit through his notion of "mutual infiltration of public and private spheres" (1989, pp. 141-151). Here, Habermas suggests that it is the bourgeois, rather then any other class, that influences structures composing state and society. Legal, political, social and other specialized elements of public life come to fore as they impact the constructions of society in powerful but distinct ways. The fundamental separation of state and society in the bourgeois world was the result of a variety of phenomena within society, including legal, political, and social aspects. The interaction of these brought about a fundamental separation within various spheres of life. Specifically, the lack of political dominance also transformed the economic phenomenon and manifestation of production. In the legal and economic field however, the public and the private realms gradually became equal, with the state no longer dominating many aspects of life and production. The public and the private could not, however, remain separated as a result of civil society, as conflicts of interest often made it necessary for formal regulatory interventions to take place. Habermas refers to this as neomercantilism, which means that the political public sphere integrated with the interests of civil society in terms of interventionism. It is therefore a type of post-separation reintegration of the private and the public, but without any particular dominance of one over the other. The economic world begins to merge with the political world, where the state and business shared political and economic power reciprocally. By necessity, these circumstances stimulated state intervention [public sector] in business activities [private sector], in order to assure that certain interests were not threate ned. The purpose of interventionism in this regard was to maintain equilibrium within the system, whereas in the past it had been to maintain the power of the political elite. Habermas argues that under new systemic institutional arrangements, more political and legal power is being reciprocally exchanged and reinforced among these public authorities than ever before. Another

Should Guns Be Allowed On Campuses Criminology Essay

Should Guns Be Allowed On Campuses Criminology Essay Based on National Rifle Association, an estimated 39 percent of households have a gun and 24 percent have a handgun; there are also 65 million privately-owned handguns in the US and 127 million other firearms. Have you ever think one day handgun can be carried onto college campuses where we come to study every day? Our colleges and universities are safer sanctuaries for learning, and we believe they would be endangered by the presence of concealed handguns. claimed by Students for Gun Free Schools (SGFS) (Louise Gerdes). In contrast, Students for Concealed Carry on Campus (SCCC) have supposed: Current school policies and state laws against concealed carry on campus serve only to stack the odds in favor of dangerous criminals. (Louise Gerdes). SGFS and SCCC were formed after terrible shootings at Virginia Tech and Northern Illinois University happened. These are two of the deadliest massacres on campus in the United States of America. For your information, on April 16, 2007, at Virgin ia Tech University, Seung-Hui Cho a formal student killed thirty-two people and then committed suicide. One year later, on February 14, graduate student Steven Kazmierczak killed five people and injured many others and then killed himself at Northern Illinois University. From that time, concealed guns are becoming a controversy in America, especially, concealed carry on campuses. Many colleges have accepted for their students and faculty to carry handguns to protect themselves such as public colleges and universities in Utah; Blue Ridge Community College in Weyers Cave, Virginiaà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ On the other hand, almost 4314 colleges and universities prohibit their students and faculty from carrying concealed on their campuses. Each group has their own reasons for their action and belief. In my opinion, I think there are no needs to carry concealed weapons like handguns on campus. SGFS believes that Americas colleges and universities are some of the safest places and almost their campuses are gun-free zone. They claimed that homicides at American colleges and universities are unusual events. They also showed some evidences to prove their opinion, according to a study from the Department of Justice, 93% of violent crimes that victimize college students happen off campus and students on the campuses of post secondary institutions are significantly safer than both their off-campus counterparts and the nation as a whole (Louise Gerdes). They are really undeniable facts that our college campuses really have lower crime rates than the cities in which they reside (Louise Gerdes). In fact, even though, our public safety is not enough to control a whole campus but anyway they still give our students secure and safety. Also, SGFS have listed five important-results that can be recognized when concealed weapons are allowed on campuses: (1) Concealed handguns would detract from a healthy learning environment; (2) More guns on campus would create additional risk for students; (3) Shooters would not be deterred by concealed carry permit holders; (4) Concealed carry permit holders are not always law-abiding citizens, and finally (5) Concealed carry permit holders are not required to have law enforcement training. In the counterpart movement, SCCC also has given their list to cast doubt on SGFSs list: (1) Concealed handguns would not detract from a healthy learning environment; (2) More guns on campus would create little if any additional risk for students; (3) Shooters may or may not be deterred by concealed carry permit holders, but deterring shooting sprees is only one of several potential benefits; (4) Concealed carry permit holders are not always law-abiding citizens, but They are statistically more law-abiding than most SGFS unnecessarily points out and (5) Concealed carry permit holders are not required to have law enforcement training because they are not law enforcement officers. First, SGFS believe that if concealed carry were allowed on Americas campuses, there is no doubt that many students would feel uncomfortable about not knowing whether their professors and/or fellow students were carrying handguns and because campus is the place that has many discussion or debate so they afraid that the presence of handguns would inhibit this kind of dialogue by creating fear of possible retaliation (Louise Gerdes). But, SCCC claims that SGFS has ignored the fact that in the absence of metal detectors and X-ray machines at every campus entrance, students already have no way of knowing who is carrying a gun. Furthermore, in most states in the US, approximately 1% of the population is licensed to carry a concealed handgun (Louise Gerdes) so it is not true when SGFS said that the presence of handgun would affects our learning environment. I think SGFS is right at this point, the SCCCs point is also not wrong but it is not real. For example, if college allows their studen ts to carry handgun, and if some of their students have a license to carry it, how can you know that the guy that sit next to you has a gun or not and whether he is a hot-tempered guy or not. You cannot know kind of this information but it can affects your life really. So, do you want to risk your life with something you are not sure about? In addition, in one anonymous national survey, 94% of Americans answered No when asked, Do you think regular citizens should be allowed to bring their guns [onto] college campuses? (Louise Gerdes) Second, SGFS has noted that in a 2007 report by the Brady Campaign to Prevent Gun Violence, there are four reasons why crime gun-related would be increase if guns were allowed on campuses: (1) the prevalence of drugs and alcohol; (2) the risk of suicide and mental health issues; (3) the likelihood of gun thefts and (4) an increased risk of accidental shootings (Louise Gerdes). In order to prove this, SGFS has showed us another report that comes from the National Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse at Columbia University: [N]early half of Americas 5.4 million full-time college students abuse drugs or drink alcohol on binges at least once a month. In addition, they claimed that alcohol is involved in 95% of the violent crime on campus. For the risk-of-suicide-and-mental-health-issues reason, SGFS showed us one anonymous study about this, 24% of college students had thought about attempting suicide and about 5% had actually attempted to kill themselves. And if there is presence of g uns, suicide attempts are successful more than 90% of the time, in the comparison, when the method used is drug overdose, such attempts are fatal only 3% of the time. About gun-theft reason, SGFS believe that college dorm rooms are typically small, with few places available to lock up or secure a handgun (Louise Gerdes). However, SCCC noted that SGFS forgot to mention the fact that after allowing concealed carry on campus for a combined total of one hundred semesters, none of the aforementioned US college that allow handguns have seen a single resulting incident of a student under the influence of drugs or alcohol using or brandishing a weapon on campus, a single resulting suicide, a single resulting gun theft, or a single resulting gun accidentà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ and allowing concealed carry on college campuses would not change the rules about who can purchase a firearms or who can obtain a con concealed handgun license. It also would not change the rules at off-campus parties and bars , the places where individuals over the age of 21 are most likely to consume alcohol. Furthermore, to cast doubt on gun-theft reason, SCCC showed that at most colleges, on-campus housing is occupied primarily by freshman and sophomores, students typically too young to obtain a concealed handgun license (Louis Gerdes). In my opinion, I think SCCC has forgot that when someone really get drunk, they can control their behavior so it is very dangerous if they have gun along with them, because you will not know what they can and will do with this kind of dangerous and fatal thing. If there are some accidents that alcohol-related, who can SCCC blame it on? The next result that SGFS showed us is shooters would not be deterred by concealed carry permit holders. SGFS said that homicides and shootings at American colleges and universities are rare events because of many reasons. They showed that there were 11920 total gun homicides but only 10 total murders on the nations college campuses in 2003. They also believe that there is no way shooters would have been deterred by the knowledge that their fellow students (or campus faculty) might be armed. They also gave some example to strengthen their opinion: on May 8, 2006, at Fairfax County Police Sully District Station in Virginia, Michael Kennedy, 18, fired more than 70 rounds and killed two officers before police were able to take him down. There is no proof that suicidal shooters would be deterred from attacks on college campuses by concealed carry permit holders. Handguns just make the situation become more and more serious because campuses are crowded always so handguns just try to creat e additional mayhem only. Thats really a good point, because students or faculty is not like trained soldiers who know clearly how to use weapons or handguns in the chaos in which everyone just run for their life, they just run and maybe cause difficulties for anyone who is aiming at the shooter. In this situation, students who has handguns maybe cannot target accurately and absolutely they can injure their fellow students. Thats really not a good thing because when our lawmakers allow our students carry handguns on campuses, they just want our students feel safe and secure (Louis Gerdes). The next opinion that SGFS think it is very persuasive to prevent our lawmakers from pass the law to allow our students carry handguns on campuses: Concealed carry permit holders are not always Law-Abiding citizens. They give an example that Alaska and Vermont are two states in the US do not require their residents to obtain a permit to carry a concealed weapon, thats also means individuals in these states can buy a handgun through an unregulated private sale without background check required then use it in public (Louise Gerdes). Besides that, SGFSs essay also mentioned the main requirement to get a permit in 38 states that have a shall-issue policy for concealed carry permit is to pass a background check through the National Instant Criminal Background Check System (NICS) which just want to make sure whether the applicant is prohibited under federal law from owning and purchasing firearms (Louise Gerdes). But, NICS is also not foolproof. An anonymous study showed that the database of NICS is deeply flawed and missing millions of disqualifying records. For example, nine out of ten metal health records that would disqualify individuals from purchasing firearms are still not currently in the database and one-fourth of felony conviction records have also not been submitted to NICS by the states. SGFSs essay also claimed that Seung-Hui Cho, who takes responsibility for massacre in Virginia Tech, also passed background checks in acquiring the firearms used in his attack even though before, he had been diagnosed with a severe anxiety disorders (Wikipedia.org). You can notice that NICS is not a trusty system that our states can depend on it to judge someone in order to give them a permit or not. If we give permissions to wrong guys like Seung-Hui Cho, I believe there will be more and more Virginia Tech in the future. Finally, SGFS pointed out that concealed carry permit holders are not required to have law enforcement training. The fact is that 48 states in the US which allow their residents to carry handguns do not require them to have any formal law enforcement training. For example, in Virginia, which is famous for Virginia Tech massacre, a four-hour sit-down session in a classroom is sufficient to meet the states training requirement (Louise Gerdes). Thats not a training, thats also not that someone who will carry handgun have to have and have to do before they get a permit. Just sit down and listen is not a good idea or good method that can help our residents in the real life. Even trained law enforcement officers rarely hit their targets when firing at other human beings, so how can a formal resident, who just sit down and hear some lectures about gun can do that? When you factor in all of the other elements that are involved in shooting at an adversary, thats a high hit rate. The adrenalin e flow, the movement of the target, the movement of the shooter, the officer, the lighting conditions, the weatherà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ I think it is a high rate when you consider all of the variables, Ray Kelly, New York Police Commissioner said (Louise Gerdes). In 2005, there were a total of 12352 gun-related homicides in the US. In the same year, the FBI reported only 143 justifiable homicides or self-defense involving firearm. Guns are used to threaten and intimidate far more often than they are used in self-defense. Most self-reported self-defense gun uses may well be illegal and against the interests of society, a 2000 study by Harvard School of Public Health (Louise Gerdes). Nowadays, some Arizona Republican lawmakers have voiced to support SB 1467 that allow students who have concealed weapons permit to carry handguns on campuses throughout Arizona. If this bill is passed, Arizona will be a third state in the US after Utah and Texas to allow all students and professors on college campus to carry handguns. Harold Cranswick, an MCC economics teacher said: If the state of Arizona proceeds with any of the currently proposed gun legislation à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ It is unrealistic to expect students to feel safe (Mesa Legend 10). It is time that the public stands up and says no more,à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦That we want to be able to make sure our facilities are safe and allowing weapons in many of these facilities is not what the people of Arizona want, said State Senator Steve Gallardo at a protest against the bill on March 29 at state Capitol. At the same protest, Zachary Smith, the regents professor of politics and international affairs from Northern Arizona University c laimed: It is just that in an environment like a college where thins can be hot and where there can be disagreements and there can be debates, it is just not the place where people might know there would be concealed fire-arms. And Emily Connally, a graduate student from University of Arizona and a Students Against Guns in Education (SAGE) representative mentioned: à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦Guns are four times more likely to be used in an unintentional shooting than to be used to injure or kill in self-defense and only 1 percent of the time will a victim use a gun to protect themselves (Mesa Legend 13). Mesa Legend also conducted an online survey with the question: Would you feel safe if it were legal to carry a gun onto college campuses? And there is the feedback; 65% clicked No, it would lead to complete chaos or death, only 20% chose Yes, and I would carry, 8% for Yes, I would not carry but feel safe knowing others are, 4% for I have mixed feelings about it and 3% for I do not really care ( Mesa Legend 13). You can see that, there is really no need to carry handgun on college campuses because college is the place that all people come to expect to expand their knowledge and learn something new, it is not a place like battlefield like we come and worry whether our fellow students have a gun or not. It is not students job. However, thats not mean you do not care about your students secure, hire more public safety in order to get enough man to control the whole campus is just one wayà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦ Try to find another solution like teach our students how to be safe in dangerous situation or build the friendly learning environment to avoid some hard-to-solve disagreements on campus maybe can helps us not to use handgun in dailys conversation and relationship. The safest policy to limit potential violence is to prohibit students and faculty from keeping handguns on campus and allow trained law enforcement officers to provide for campus security (Louise Gerdes). College is where we make grades not graves. Work Cited Concealed Weapons. Gale Louis Gerdes in Context. Detroit: Gale, 2010. Gale Louis Gerdes In Context. Web. 29 Apr. 2011. College Campuses Are Safer Without Concealed Weapons. Gun Violence. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Louis Gerdes. Gale Louis Gerdes In Context. Web. 29 Apr. 2011. College Campuses Are Less Safe Without Concealed Weapons. Gun Violence. Ed. Louise Gerdes. Detroit: Greenhaven Press, 2011. Louis Gerdes. Gale Louis Gerdes In Context. Web. 29 Apr. 2011. Virginia Tech massacre Wikipedia encyclopedia web. 5 May 2011. Legends One Poll. Mesa Legend 13 (2011): 3. Print. Ben Garcia. Ariz. lawmakers support concealed guns on campus. Mesa Legend 10 (2011): 5. Print. Ryan McCullough. Second amendment makes its way to college campuses. Mesa Legend 13 (2011): 16. Print.

Dynamic Stability :: essays research papers

To keep up with today’s volatile marketplace, an organization should be able to adapt to its environment so that it is able to stay competitive. In order to accomplish the often times difficult task of continuous growth, in all its facets an organization has to plan and be prepared to change in the ever evolving business world.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Changes have been documented to have caused organization chaos, initiative overload and in some instances, complete collapse of organizational structure. One option to overcome the uncertainty of organizational changes is to develop a plan that implements the concept of Dynamic Stability. Dynamic stability could be defined as continual but relatively small change efforts that involve reconfiguration of existing practices and business models rather than inventing new ones. An organization will be able to achieve dynamic stability more easily through establishing the concept of tinkering, kludging and pacing. The practice of tinkering involves finding new applications for your products, or accumulating all your untapped resources to develop new products. Tinkering is often quicker and less of a financial burden than kludging. Kludging is basically tinkering but on a larger scale and often involves the combination of external and internal resources. Thus, it is often a financial drain to the organization as it involves tremendous effort and time. As for pacing, it is the concept of timing changes at the most critical intervals in order to prevent destabilization of the organization. Although pacing will not lead to any direct financial burden, it is crucial as it could make or break an organization. Some of the most successful adopters of dynamic stability stress the importance of four operating guidelines; rewarding shameless borrowing, appointing a chief memory officer, tinkering and kludging internally first, and finally hiring generalist. First, rewarding shameless borrowing exemplifies the concept of imitating before innovating in order to reduce the time and cost of organizational change. Second, appointing a chief memory officer provides the organization with a historical journal of an organization’s activities in order to prevent past mistakes from occurring again. Another important operational guideline would be to tinker and kludge internally before outsourcing to increase the control of dynamic stability.

Human Resources & Labor Unions

The Impact of Labor Unions in the Hospitality IndustryAbstract Labor Unions in the United States have protected employee rights and benefits for several decades. Human Resources play an essential role in the work place in dealing with labor unions. Unions represent thousands of workers and employees throughout the nation in an effort to fight for human rights and equality in the work force. Negotiations are then met through the dedication of these unions that allow for a company to provide higher wages, adequate benefits, and better working conditions to employees around the world.This document will explain the importance of unions and the role they play in today’s economy and work force and how a business can remain union free. Introduction When deciding on which career path to take and what corporation to work for doing substantial research on benefits, wages, and the working conditions of that particular company is essential. What most people do not realize is what it took for those benefits to be created. History reflects the changes in employee benefits and working conditions back to the 19th century.During this time farm workers began working in mines and factories facing terrible working conditions and health risks. Women and children also worked under the same conditions with lesser wages. In an attempt to fight against these working conditions, workers would gather to strike and protest for change and to be a voice for their communities. The effects of these protests and strikes in the work force made way for the Industrial Revolution allowing for the birth of labor unions.Labor unions are organizations formed by employees and workers around the world from various industries. The unions unite in an effort to bargain and protect employee benefits, wages, and fight for better working conditions. Today, several unions are in existance in mutliple industries to protect employee rights and work hand in hand with human resources managers. One union, f or example, is the Hotel Employees and Restaurant Employees International Union (HERE), that united with the Union of Needletrades, Industrial, and Textile Employees (UNITE) to create UNITE HERE.UNITE HERE is an organization that protects members in the hospitality industry and is in conjunction with The American Federation of Labor and Congress of Industrial Organizations, also known as AFL-CIO. The ALF-CIO is the largest federation of unions representing workers in the hotel, gaming, food service, manufacturing, textile, distribution, laundry, and airport industries. UNITE HERE has fought to create jobs and change low-wage jobs to higher paying jobs within these industries. (â€Å"Unite here, 2012†) Human resources practices have advanced since workers began to unionize.Managers were now challenged with the demands of labor unions and were forced to face union representatives rather than dealing with employees directly about issues such as wages, benefits, and grievance. Th e struggle between labor unions and companies still continues and it is in the convenience of both unions and corporations to have an understanding and functional relationship with one another for peace and equality within working quarters. The History of Labor Unions â€Å"Workers in the United States are facing a number of difficulties,† said Daniel J.B. Mitchell, a professor emeritus of public policy at UCLA. â€Å"Job security, healthcare, retirement funds — we haven't seen such levels of uncertainty since the Great Depression. † (Lazarus, 2012) Dating back to the 19th century, this is when businesses began to change from household agriculture into the mining industry and machine operated labor factories. Due to the changes and intense job conditions labor unions began to form in an effort to bargain for better rights. Strikes took place, resulting in conflict between workers and employers.The most influential of the unions being created at the time was the American Federation of Labor union due to its focus on higher wages and improved working conditions for its members. Miners in the mining industry were faced with long working hours, unsafe working conditions and were poorly paid. Most lived in company towers where doctors, schools, and law enforcement were provided by the actual companies in an effort to control the workers. â€Å"Companies maintained an oppressive working environment, prohibiting workers from talking or gathering, to discourage the creation of unions. (Habashi, 2011) In 1890 the Unite Mine Workers of America was founded representing workers in the mining sector that fought for collective bargaining. During 1933 and 1936, President Franklin Roosevelt’s â€Å"New Deal† was created protecting the rights of labor unions and prohibited employers from firing workers who took part in union activities. Labor Unions Today The work force has become extremely competitive over the past decade due to the drop in the economy. Union members are found to be in an advantage being that in some cases they earn a higher wage than a non-union worker.But this higher salary does not mean regular pay raises. (Sherk, 2009) The Hilton Hotel in Glendale, California is one prime example of the impact unions can have on workers today. For over a year a group of 30 or more employees from the hotel met in secrecy in an effort to form a union against the hotel’s low wages, overworked staff, and unorganized labor. This would become an almost four year battle against the Hilton Hotel. In 2005, with the help of UNITE HERE, the Rising Workers Campaign was launched against the hotel.Hilton attempted to soften the matter and come to an agreement by offering 50-cent pay increases and a promotion to a cook to become a kitchen key leader. This was not enough for the workers. What Hilton in Glendale did not know was that UNITE HERE had signed a national neutrality agreement with the Hilton Corporation in 2006, but it only applied to sites Hilton actually owned and operated. Because the Hilton in Glendale was a separate entity owned and operated by Eagle Hospitality, which ran 12 other hotels across the country, UNITE HERE went in for a boycott of Eagle Hospitality properties instead.Picketers targeted Eagle Hospitality hotels across Los Angeles weekly for 18 months until a settlement was agreed upon. â€Å"From that day on the whole hotel changed,† [Angela Reid – a bartender at the Hilton] said. â€Å"It wasn't even the same hotel anymore. † (Gaus, 2008) Another example of how unions impact the work force is with the Industrial Workers of the World Union (IWW) and it’s involvement in supporting all industries. Industrial Workers of the World believes in organizing all workers by producing the same goods or providing the same services into one union, rather than dividing workers by skill or trade. â€Å"About the IWW,† 2011) Industrial Workers of the Worl d began organizing Starbucks Workers Union (SWU) in 2003. Starbucks Workers Union unlike other unions is an example of solidarity unionism, meaning they take direct action against Starbucks Company without involvement from the government or a union representative. The Starbucks Workers Union has done just that successfully. (Tanyeri, 2011) â€Å"Working together, we have won improvements in wages and working conditions and remedied individual grievances with management. (â€Å"Starbucks workers union,† 2012) Labor Unions and Their Impact in the Hospitality Industry A major labor union impacting the hospitality industry is UNITE-HERE. This is the Needle Trades Union (UNITE) and the Hotel and Restaurant Employees Union (HERE) that merged together to fight for the rights of the workers in the hospitality industries. The hotels and casinos, and restaurants, etc. , in hospitality industry argue that UNITE HERE is unlawful at times. They claim that some of the UNITE HERE actions r ange from harassment to criminal.The invasion of private property and increased noise level by picketers is something the companies argue against. â€Å"Union representatives can come to the office and demand to see the higher-ups. No law says they have to be let in. † (Howe, 2012) UNITE HERE’s ultimate goal is to help as many people as possible. D. Taylor, Secretary-Treasurer of the Nevada Culinary Workers Union and executive committee member of UNITE HERE, interviewed with Casino Journal about his outlook for the economy and the hospitality industry during the ongoing recession the United States has faced.He touches on health coverage and agrees that every individual can surely pay for their own private health coverage given they were employed. With the amount of workers being laid off though, how are they supposed to manage these costs he asks. Also, with the amount of workers being laid off in an effort to save on labor costs, how are businesses supposed to offer a dequate customer service. â€Å"It’s a real dilemma,† says Taylor. (Taylor, 2009) On the other hand, UNITE HERE not only supports workers in fighting for their rights, it also launched a public website in an attack against Motel 6 franchises.UNITE HERE stated that Motel 6 was falling short of service standards and accused them of not having the ability to survive in this industry. Motel 6 replied in defense of their corporation stating that they have good standing relationships with their franchisees and will continue to grow in the years to come. They feel attacked by UNITE HERE and even stated having opened 50 new franchises in the year 2008. (â€Å"Unite here raises,† 2009) The impact that unions can have in the hospitality industry as any industry can range from positive impacts for workers and negative impacts on business.How to Remain Union Free â€Å"The time to communicate openly and treat employees the right way is every day,† says Rick Van Warne r, senior partner and principal at Parquet Public Affairs in Orlando. Warner’s theory is quite simple and direct. He states if union laws and agreements are automatically followed companies do not risk attacks from workers and unions. His advise on remaining union free is to establish an open communication with management and employees. He advises to never assume all management is treating staff fairly. Observation is key and constant communication.Explaining employee costs and benefits regularly is also essential because again assumption that the staff knows this type of information is not recommended. Opportunities for job advancement within a company and offering safe and non-intimidating working conditions will keep employees happy and allow them to feel that they also have a voice at their work place to discuss any matters that may arise. (Tanyeri, 2011) Summary Labor unions throughout the course of history have played an integral part in the business world and protectio n of employee rights.Beginning with the 19th century and the worker strike forces, the progress in employee rights over the past century has drastically improved. Labor unions are here to protect the rights of workers and be a voice so there is not any wrong doing on behalf of a business. Maintaining a clear understanding and functioning relationship with union representatives is in the best interest of the business and human resources management. By having an established understanding and abiding by union labor law companies avoid accusations from unions and workers.Employees will remain happy and grow productively with the help and support of their employer, which usually results in a flourishing business. Conclusion I believe that unions offer a positive balance in the business world. Without unions the exploitation of workers would still exist. It takes a higher force to fight for protection of human rights and see results. The progress of employee benefit packages and wages has come a long way just in the past decade alone. As an active employee in hospitality for the past 10 years wages alone have risen.The history in labor unions set a stepping-stone for our society in creating confidence amongst our generation to protect our rights as workers. In my research, I found it very devastating to learn the living and working conditions workers had in the 19th century. It made me feel extremely fortunate to be a part of this generation and have the opportunities given to me in our society. Companies still have a long way to go, but as Van Warner mentioned in my last article section, the time to treat employees right is everyday.If businesses would stop the ultimate focus on the worth of a dollar for profit only and put some of that effort into staff and working environments it would only result in an employee taking pride of their job. A happy employee means excellent customer service, which brings in returning customers and increased revenue. The earlier case with the Hilton Hotel in Glendale, California is a result of faulty practices by management. The staff was not happy. They did not feel well compensated or valued for their work. And with the case of theMotel 6, they received bad media for not following through with the service standards they are required to abide by. Remaining union free may take effort and even money, but in the long shot is only in the benefit of the business’ longevity in the work force. Overall, in the years to come there will be new laws and hopefully more improvements to our working industries and especially the hospitality industry. References * About the iww. (2011, July 3). Retrieved from http://www. iww. org/en/about * Taylor, D. D. (2009). Keeping up the Fight. Casino Journal, 22(6), 28-29 * Gaus, M. 2008, After four years of struggle: Hotel workers rising campaign pays off in L. A. Labor Notes, (352), 5-5. http://ezproxy. fiu. edu/login? url=http://search. proquest. com/docview/203683040? accoun tid=10901 * Habashi, F. (2011, February). Social problems in the mining industry – a historical essay (part 1). CIM Magazine, 6(1), Retrieved from http://www. cim. org/bulletin/bulletinlive/articles_print. cfm? Issue_ID=992&Type=1&row=2&Segment_ID=46&hide=1 * Howe, J. T. (2012, March). When your venue faces union trouble: peaceful gatherings are the ultimate goal for all.Meetings & Conventions, 47(3), 26. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA283705823&v=2. 1&u=flstuniv&it=r&p=PPTH&sw=w * Lazarus, D. (2012, April 27). As its power wanes, is there a future for organized labor? . Los Angeles Times . Retrieved from http://www. lexisnexis. com/hottopics/lnacademic/ * Sherk, J. (2009, May 21). What unions do: How labor unions affect jobs and the economy. Retrieved from http://www. heritage. org/research/reports/2009/05/what-unions-do-how-labor-uni ons-affect-jobs-and-the-economy * Starbucks workers union. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. tarbucksunion. or g/about * Tanyeri, D. (2011). How to stay union-free. Restaurant Business, 110(11), 50. * Tanyeri, D. (2011, November 1). Unions rising. Retrieved from http://web. ebscohost. com/ehost/pdfviewer/pdfviewer? [email  protected]&vid=1&hid=24 * Unite here. (2012). Retrieved from http://www. unitehere. org/about/ * UNITE HERE Raises Questions About the Competitiveness of Accor's Motel 6 Franchise. (2009, January 13). Business Wire. Retrieved from http://go. galegroup. com/ps/i. do? id=GALE%7CA191957986;v=2. 1;u=flstuniv;it=r;p=PPTH;sw=w

A Pure, High Note of Anguish Analysis Paper Essay Example

A Pure, High Note of Anguish Analysis Paper Essay Example A Pure, High Note of Anguish Analysis Paper Paper A Pure, High Note of Anguish Analysis Paper Paper A Pure, High Note of Anguish By Barbara Kingsolver ENGL102 Vulnerability Paper October 25, 2011 Tammy Easler A Pure, High Note of Anguish â€Å"A Pure, High Note of Anguish† by Barbara Kingsolver is an essay written right after the September 11, 2011, attacks. Like many of us, Kingsolver felt a need to DO something, but did not know how to help. She decided to address some of the questions that were on everybody’s mind. One of these questions was ‘why were those children dancing in the street? ’ America and the American attitude of ‘our way is the only way’ have created resentment in many countries and cultures around the world. The children dancing in the street were showing the growing consensus that America finally got what it deserved. America has not felt the effects of war on her soil since the late 1800s, with the exception of Pearl Harbor in 1941. Yes, we have lost military men and women, but from a great distance from our home towns. We see names in the paper of fallen heroes, and clips on television of war-torn villages, but it does not feel real. The full impact of what war is did not hit home until it actually ‘hit home’. We were not prepared to see our buildings attacked or our citizens killed while going about their daily lives. We were numb with shock that this could happen to us. How dare they attack us on our own country! We are America! We attack other countries; we drop bombs and destroy other villages. But we do it to save people; to bring democracy to all those other countries that are doing it all wrong. Kingsolver states that â€Å"Some people believe our country needed to learn how to hurt in this new way,† (p. 461) and that â€Å"†¦many people before us have learned honest truths from wrongful deaths. † (p. 461) Europeans learned this lesson in WWI and WWII. Korea, Vietnam, and the Middle East have all lived with the fear and anger generated by another country, usually led by Americans, which do not agree with their politics or religion. Watching their buildings get blown up, their men, women and children shot in their homes, and tanks rolling down their streets are a common occurrence. America has finally gotten a taste of how it feels to really be at war, up close and personal. Americans see children dancing in the street because we were attacked and thousands of lives were lost and we are horrified at their attitude. Don’t they realize innocent people were just killed? Of course they do. They’ve witnessed it day in and day out in their own streets for years. They know that America is finally paying its dues for all the destruction and devastation it has dealt out. Kingsolver says â€Å"Surely, the whole world grieves for us right now. And surely it also hopes we might have learned, from the taste of our own blood, that every war is both won and lost, and that loss is a pure, high note of anguish like a mother singing to any empty bed. † (p. 461) For the first time since Pearl Harbor, Americans are feeling a sense of vulnerability. Foreigners are looked at with suspicion, especially Middle Eastern looking people. We pay more attention to the sound of a plane flying overhead. We are more aware of the people around us on the subway, train or airplane. We’ve let the government strip away many of our civil rights in the name of national security. The rest of the world is praying that we will now see the true price of war. They are hoping we will think twice before we decide to bomb a coordinate on a map or send our soldiers overseas to fight another senseless battle with strangers we call enemies.

Jacques Louis Davids Art with Respect to Question of Gender

Jacques Louis Davids Art with Respect to Question of Gender Jacques-Louis David is a famous French artist that is considered to be one of the brightest figures and initiators of the neoclassical movement in the art. His works were inspired by classical Greek and Rome paintings. From those times, he adopted techniques and some themes. However, Roberts writes, â€Å"his (Jacques-Louis David) lifetime of seventy-seven years coincides with the most tumultuous period of history that France and the Western world had yet experienced† (3).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jacques Louis Davids Art with Respect to Question of Gender specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Transforming the classical tendencies, David managed to capture and express the moods of that time in a majority of his paintings. He was very close to key figures of the French revolution and many of his works are devoted to this theme. He depicted the heroes of that Revolution giving them a bright â€Å"masculineâ⠂¬  trait and impressive look of ancient gods. His prerevolutionary work, as well as the works painted during the Revolution, are often interpreted as ones marked with â€Å"feminine† or â€Å"masculine† traits. It is no wonder as his works were inspired by the traditions of the Classical painters. The â€Å"femininity† and â€Å"masculinity† are expressed not only through the figures of people, but through themes, colors and other minor details that form a general image of David’s pictures. The most â€Å"sound† in the context of â€Å"femininity† and â€Å"masculinity† are the pictures The Oath of the Horatii, The Death of Socrates and The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of His Songs (â€Å"masculine†) and The Paris and Helen and The Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis (â€Å"femininity†). The analysis of these works gives the understanding of the neoclassical art in terms of interpretation of the classi cal traditions in it. As it has already been mentioned, Jacques-Louis David was one of the first and leading neoclassical artists in France. His works were inspired by classical tradition. These traditions were expressed through antique subjects, heroes and techniques which he used in his paintings. â€Å"More than any other painter it was David who gave artistic form to the ideas of those days and he did so as a member of the Academy. The style that he brought to maturity in the years before Revolution brought him success and fame†. (Roberts 11) David studied classics in Italy and when he returned to Paris, he promoted anti-Rococo ideas. He became very famous. The works of this period were filled with devotion to one’s duty, sternness and self-sacrifice. He supported Revolution and many of his works express this idea being propagandistic ones. After the Revolution, David became a court painter. The works of this period glorified Napoleon (The Coronation of Napoleon). After the fall of the Republic, the artist went to Belgium.Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The paintings created there were devoted to mythological scenes, â€Å"David would turn his attention so completely to the theme of love in his Brussels mythological paintings, for only twice in his entire previous career did he deal with mythical love themes in major painted compositions† (Johnson 37-38). The works of this period are the most â€Å"femininity† colored than others creations of the author. Mars Disarmed by Venus and the Three Graces is the last of his greatest works which he finished not long before his death. If one has a look at his works, he/she will see how much the artist relied on the ancient traditions, history and ancient myths. They were the source of inspiration for almost all of his works. At the same time, we cannot say that his works are stable. His techniques alerted and changed during his career. Actually, there were no artist in France whose works reflected the political climate of the country so clearly. The reason is that for David his paintings were the major means of communication and reflecting his ideas. In general, the works of Jacques-Louis David are the greatest works of the neoclassical movement in France. Neoclassicism was a major art movement at the end of the 18th and beginning of the 19th century. One of the peculiarities of this movement was the addressing to the traditions and themes of the ancient classical works by Roman and Greek artists. Neoclassical movement adopted the classical ideas of moderation and order. â€Å"Reason† directed artistic creation. There were no much emotion in these pictures and all artistic works were organized very logically. In France, the principles of the classical paintings were used and interconnected with the political concerns associated with the Revoluti on. The neoclassical themes were often based on the classical stories and heroic male virtues. The themes of pictures which depicted men and women were strikingly divided. Women were mainly presented in the pictures that depicted domestic life or private sphere. In contrast, male figures were used in heroic pictures or performing certain public roles. This sharp division between male and female was reflected in the neoclassical painting style as well. Not only the subjects of the pictures were different for men and women, but the techniques and colors as well. The â€Å"male† paintings used a very rational composition, strong severe colors and rather strict lines. The figures of male were massive and reminded the figures of antique sculptures. Conversely, the colors and techniques of the â€Å"female† paintings were softer and brighter. The figures of women were marked with more curvilinear forms.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Jacques Louis Davids Art with Respect to Question of Gender specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The neoclassical art is often called â€Å"male† art. This tendency has a historical explanation. The political situation that was often reflected in the works of art, burdened the male body with political and social meaning. Men should be a fighter and woman – a keeper of piece. The neoclassical attitude to the â€Å"male† and ‘female† pictures are also present in works of Jacques-Louis David. This tendency of division is best recognized in his works of the Brussels period when he addressed to the antique myths and those of the prerevolutionary period, the period of Academia. His new style was characterized by strict lines, symmetry and strong gestures of figures depicted on them. This style is perfectly seen in the picture The Death of Socrates. Jacques-Louis David. The Death of Socrates. Moreover, this is one of the works that is considered to be a â€Å"masculine† one. Each detail reflects its masculine nature: the light, colors, settings and many other artistic elements. One of the major means that David uses in order to accentuate the â€Å"masculinity† of his pictures is the light and â€Å"freeze-like† composition and serious subjects. The â€Å"femininity† of the paintings was expressed through the light colors, such as the dominance of pink and pastel-like shaped. The outdoor setting and emotional subject are more frequent in such pictures. The best example of the â€Å"feminine† motives in the David’s paintings are the pictures of the Brussels period that depict mythological themes, â€Å"mythological episodes are the best vehicles for expression of complex psychological and emotional situations, compositions that would be pertinent and relevant to contemporaneous cultural values and concerns† (Johnson 80). As it has already been mention, the David ’s pictures reflect the tradition of neoclassicism to separate â€Å"masculine† and â€Å"feminine† paintings:Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More â€Å"In the year leading to the outbreak of the French Revolution, Jacques-Louis David painted a series of austere, â€Å"masculine† paintings: The Oath of the Horatii, The Death of Socrates and The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of His Songs. Although the precise meanings and political significance of the â€Å"austere† paintings are controversial, their moralizing content has not been questioned. The three works deal with masculine heroes engaged in high-minded self-sacrifice for transcendent value of patriotism and conscience, and they have been taken to represent the true spirit of David in those years of political unrest† (Korshak 102). As a contrast to these pictures, The Paris and Helen and The Farewell of Thelemacus and Eucharis can be taken. What is so â€Å"masculine† in the pictures like The Death of Socrates and The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of His Songs? Jacques-Louis David. The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of His Songs. According to the traditions of neoclassicism, the action of the picture The Death of Socrates takes place indoors. The distribution of light and dark is very strict. Such distribution of light gives a possibility to show the Socrates’ â€Å"god features† and helps us understand that he suffered from the illness. Despite his suffering, the man has an ideal proportions of the body and he preserves calmness and self-control(another feature of the â€Å"male† pictures). The colors are dark and the position of Socrates is tense. The position of other people in the picture also has its meaning, â€Å"in this scale, placement, color, and sensual attractiveness, the anonymous cupbearer has become a balancing element of the composition, equal to the figure of Socrates himself† (Perry and Rossington 212). This picture had a great political context on the eve of Revolution. Another example of the â€Å"masculine† painting is the The Lictors Retur ning to Brutus the Bodies of His Songs. However, in this picture we can observe both, male and female traits, â€Å"the composition of the Brutus is streaky divided into male and female halves, so an exclusive male world remains at the left, but survives only in shattered form† (Perry and Rossington 215). The left side is dark and calm, there are no emotions. And only the left side which depicts a woman with her children show the emotions that are possible in the female world. The colors are also bright. Such use of light on the right side elevates the emotional tense of the painting. The â€Å"female† pictures, The Paris and Helen and The Farewell of Thelemacus and Eucharis depict emotions. Jacques-Louis David The Paris and Helen As Yvonne Korshak mentions, â€Å"David’s Paris and Helena has received little attention, largely because it seem anomalously unphilosophical and â€Å"feminine† in the context of the artist’s other stoic, â€Å"viril e† prerevolutionary paintings† (1). The picture is tender, it shows love of two people â€Å"in their love nest†. The presence of Cupid supports the atmosphere of love. The couple is surrounded by an antique setting. The emotional tone, as well as compositional, are calm, in spite of the fact that Cupid and the lamp are eliminated. The colors are not bright, but soft. It is a classic â€Å"female† picture, as it shows emotions and feeling of love, the line and the colors are soft, as well as the lightning. Finally, The Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis is another example of the â€Å"female† painting. Jacques-Louis David. The Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis The central here is the psychology of love. The story of the picture contains a sentimental depiction of two lovers taken from the Odyssey. It is very emotional picture, â€Å"it inspired a number of lyrical, melancholy depictions of hapless mythical lovers that emphasized the psychologic al dimension of the narratives portrayed† (Johnson 91). The picture shows the intimate and tender farewell in the dark cave, they are surrounded by darkness, only their figures are eliminated and it evokes the feeling of intimacy. The colors are deeply saturated: the man is in blue (cold, â€Å"masculine† color) and young girl is in red (warm, â€Å"female† color). Thus, it is a typical â€Å"female† picture with all signs of its type. Jacques- Louis David was an outstanding French artist. He is considered to be the founder and the brightest representative of the neoclassical art movement. His works were inspired by the traditions of the ancient Roman and Greek world. He adopted the strict lines, traditions of moderation and order. Apart from the classical techniques, David created paintings which depicted ancient myths and ancient heroes. The peculiarity of the neoclassical painting style is the division on â€Å"masculine† and â€Å"feminine† pictures. Each of these types had its peculiarity. The â€Å"feminine† pictures depicted emotions and used soft colors and lines. Among the works of David, there are bright examples of this division. These works are The Death of Socrates and The Lictors Returning to Brutus the Bodies of His Songs (â€Å"male† ones) and The Paris and Helen, The Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis are the examples of â€Å"female† pictures. Johnson, Dorothy. Jacques-Louis David: The Farewell of Telemachus and Eucharis. Los Angeles: Getty Museum Studies on Art, 1997. Korshak, Yvonne. â€Å"Paris and Helen by Jacques Louis David: Choice and Judgment on the Eve of the French Revolution†. The Art Bulletin Vol. 69, No. 1, Mar. (1987): 102-116. Perry, Gillian, and Michael Rossington. Femininity and masculinity in eighteenth-century art and culture. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 1994. Roberts, Warren. Jacques-Louis David, Revolutionary Artist: Art, Politics, and the French .Revolution. United States of America: The University of North Carolina Press Books, 1992.